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Edition date: 2026-02-18
In Force
Available languages: French, English
Summary: This document establishes basic principles and specifies requirements and methods to determine the cardinal values of bacteria and yeast strains and use them to predict microbial growth. The four main steps of the approach are: determination of the cardinal values in culture medium; determination of the correction factor in the target food; validation of the model; simulations. Four environmental factors are considered: temperature, pH, aw and inhibitors (e.g. organic acids). NOTE 1        Microbial competition is not considered as an inhibitor in this document and can be addressed by proper modelling approaches. The determination of cardinal values is performed in a two-step approach: the determination of maximum specific growth rates of the studied strain grown in broth under a defined range of values of the studied environmental factor(s); the use of recognized predictive microbiology secondary models to fit the obtained experimental data to obtain the cardinal values. The use of cardinal values in microbial growth simulation is based on predictive microbiology primary and secondary models. The cardinal values are combined with challenge test data to consider the matrix effect. Depending on the goal of the growth simulation, it is important to account for variation of cardinal values between strains within a bacterial or yeast species. Cardinal values are a good indicator of a strain growth ability for the studied environmental factors. They are therefore used as criteria to select strains, in addition to their origin and virulence, when performing growth challenge tests (see ISO 20976-1) or in methods validation (see ISO 16140 series). NOTE 2        This document focuses on the determination of cardinal values for one strain. The same methodology can be used to characterize multiple strains independently to cover biological strain variability and include these results in the predictions.

Dieses Dokument legt Grundsätze, Anforderungen und Verfahren fest, um die Kardinalwerte von Bakterien und Hefestämmen zu bestimmen und diese zum Vorhersagen von mikrobiellem Wachstum zu verwenden. Die vier Hauptschritte des Ansatzes sind: a) Bestimmung der Kardinalwerte im Nährmedium; b) Bestimmung des Korrekturfaktors im Ziellebensmittel; c) Validierung des Modells; d) Simulationen. Vier Umweltfaktoren werden berücksichtigt: Temperatur, pH, aw und Hemmstoffe (z. B. organische Säuren). ANMERKUNG 1 Mikrobielle Konkurrenz ist nicht als ein Hemmstoff in diesem Dokument berücksichtigt und kann durch geeignete Modellierungsansätze behandelt werden. Die Bestimmung von Kardinalwerten erfolgt in einem Ansatz mit zwei Schritten:  die Bestimmung von maximalen spezifischen Wachstumsraten des untersuchten, in Bouillon kultivierten Stamms in einem definierten Bereich von Werten des/der untersuchten Umweltfaktors/-faktoren;  die Verwendung von anerkannten Sekundärmodellen der prädiktiven Mikrobiologie zum Anpassen der erhaltenen Versuchsdaten für das Erhalten der Kardinalwerte. Die Verwendung von Kardinalwerten in der Simulation von mikrobiellem Wachstum beruht auf Primär- und Sekundärmodellen der prädiktiven Mikrobiologie. Die Kardinalwerte werden mit Challenge-Test-Daten kombiniert, um die Matrixauswirkung zu berücksichtigen. Abhängig vom Ziel der Wachstumssimulation ist es entscheidend, die Variation von Kardinalwerten zwischen Stämmen innerhalb einer Bakterien- oder Hefeart einzubeziehen. Kardinalwerte stellen einen guten Indikator für die Wachstumsfähigkeit eines Stamms bei den untersuchten Umweltfaktoren dar. Sie werden daher als Kriterien für die Auswahl von Stämmen zusätzlich zu ihrem Ursprung und ihrer Virulenz beim Durchführen von Wachstums-Challenge-Tests (siehe ISO 20976 1) oder in der Verfahrensvalidierung (siehe Normenreihe ISO 16140) verwendet. ANMERKUNG 2 Dieses Dokument konzentriert sich auf die Bestimmung von Kardinalwerten für einen Stamm. Die gleiche Methodik kann zum unabhängigen Charakterisieren von mehreren Stämmen verwendet werden, um die biologische Variabilität von Stämmen abzudecken und diese Ergebnisse in den Vorhersagen einzubeziehen. WARNUNG — Zum Schutz der Gesundheit des Laborpersonals ist es unerlässlich, dass Prüfungen mit der Erfassung des/der Zielmikroorganismus/-organismen nur in Laboren mit geeigneter Ausstattung und unter der Leitung eines qualifizierten Mikrobiologen erfolgen und dass bei der Entsorgung allen bebrüteten Materials mit äußerster Vorsicht vorgegangen wird. Anwender dieses Dokuments sollten mit der üblichen Laborpraxis vertraut sein. Dieses Dokument erhebt nicht den Anspruch, auf alle mit seiner Anwendung verbundenen Sicherheitsaspekte einzugehen. Es obliegt der Verantwortung des Anwenders, angemessene Sicherheits- und Gesundheitsschutzmaßnahmen zu treffen.

Le présent document établit les principes élémentaires et spécifie les exigences et les méthodes pour déterminer les valeurs cardinales de souches de bactéries et de levures, et les utiliser afin de prédire la croissance microbienne. L’approche s’articule autour de quatre étapes principales: détermination des valeurs cardinales dans le milieu de culture; détermination du facteur de correction dans l’aliment cible; validation du modèle; simulations. Quatre facteurs environnementaux sont pris en compte: température, pH, aw et inhibiteurs (par exemple, acides organiques). NOTE 1        La compétition microbienne n’est pas assimilée à un inhibiteur dans le présent document et peut être traitée par des approches de modélisation convenables. La détermination de valeurs cardinales nécessite une approche en deux étapes: la détermination des taux de croissance spécifiques maximaux de la souche étudiée cultivée en bouillon pour une plage définie de valeurs du ou des facteurs environnementaux étudiés; et l’utilisation de modèles secondaires reconnus de microbiologie prévisionnelle pour ajuster les données expérimentales obtenues afin d’obtenir les valeurs cardinales. L’utilisation de valeurs cardinales pour la simulation de la croissance microbienne repose sur des modèles primaires et secondaires de microbiologie prévisionnelle. Les valeurs cardinales sont combinées aux données de test de croissance afin de prendre en considération l’effet de matrice. Selon l’objectif de la simulation de croissance, il est important de tenir compte de la variation des valeurs cardinales entre les souches d’une espèce de bactérie ou de levure. Les valeurs cardinales sont un bon indicateur de la capacité de croissance d’une souche pour les facteurs environnementaux étudiés. Elles sont donc utilisées comme critères de sélection des souches, en plus de leur origine et de leur virulence, dans le cadre de tests de croissance (voir l’ISO 20976-1) ou de validation d’une méthode (voir la série de l’ISO 16140). NOTE 2        Le présent document est axé sur la détermination de valeurs cardinales pour une seule souche. La même méthodologie peut être utilisée pour caractériser plusieurs souches indépendamment afin de couvrir la variabilité biologique des souches et inclure ces résultats dans les prévisions.

ICS: 07.100.30-Food microbiology
CTN: CEN/TC 463 - 2648347

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