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EN ISO 10993-1:2025

Biological evaluation of medical devices - Part 1: Requirements and general principles for the evaluation of biological safety within a risk management process (ISO 10993-1:2025)

Edition date: 2025-12-24
In Force
Available languages: French, English
Summary: This document specifies the requirements and general principles governing the biological evaluation of medical devices within a risk management process according to ISO 14971. This document applies to the biological evaluation of medical devices that have direct contact or indirect contact with either: —     a patient's body during intended use or reasonably foreseeable misuse; or —     the body of other users who are not patients, if the medical device is intended for personal protection (e.g. medical gloves, surgical masks). Biological evaluation assesses the biological safety of the medical device by considering the biological risks associated with: —     constituents of a medical device; and —     tissue-device interactions (including physical effects). The biological evaluation specified in this document can address the biological safety of the medical device, considering the life cycle from design and development through initial use of the finished medical device to final decommissioning or withdrawal from use. The biological evaluation considers both the biological safety of the finished device in first use, and the significance of any changes to the medical device which can occur throughout the life cycle. However, the evaluation of risks related to environmental impacts of decommissioning of medical devices are not within the scope of this document. This document does not mandate re-testing of medical devices that are already on the market and have established and acceptable safety profiles (see 6.6.2). This document can be useful to support clinical or usability evaluations of medical devices. For example, a biological evaluation is a pre-requisite for conducting a clinical trial. This means that principles outlined in this document can be applied to the evaluation of prototype or development stage devices, as well as to finished medical devices. Other parts of the ISO 10993 series cover specific aspects of biological evaluation, such as chemical characterization, biological testing, sample preparation, animal welfare and toxicological risk assessment. For some types of medical devices, specific requirements from other standards (outside the ISO 10993 series) can be considered with a justification for the approach taken if there are differences between the requirements of the ISO 10993 series and those provided in other standards. For example, the ISO 18562 series provides specific requirements for biological evaluation of breathing gas pathway medical devices and ISO 7405 provides specific requirements for biological evaluation of dental devices. The evaluation of risks related to infectious agents [e.g. bacteria, moulds, yeasts, viruses, transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) agents] is not within the scope of this document. NOTE 1        The evaluation of bacterial endotoxins is addressed by ISO 11737-3. NOTE 2        The evaluation of risks related to viruses, TSE agents and other pathogens originating from materials of animal origin is addressed by the ISO 22442 series.

Le présent document spécifie les exigences et les principes généraux qui régissent l’évaluation biologique des dispositifs médicaux au sein d’un processus de gestion des risques selon l’ISO 14971. Le présent document s’applique à l’évaluation biologique des dispositifs médicaux qui sont en contact direct ou indirect avec: —     le corps d’un patient pendant l’utilisation prévue ou une mauvaise utilisation raisonnablement prévisible; ou —     le corps d’autres utilisateurs qui ne sont pas des patients, si le dispositif médical est prévu pour la protection individuelle (gants médicaux ou masques chirurgicaux, par exemple). L’évaluation biologique évalue la sécurité biologique du dispositif médical en tenant compte des risques biologiques associés: —     aux constituants d’un dispositif médical; et —     aux interactions tissu-dispositif (effets physiques inclus). L’évaluation biologique spécifiée dans le présent document peut examiner la sécurité biologique du dispositif médical, en tenant compte du cycle de vie allant de la conception et du développement, en passant par l’utilisation initiale du dispositif médical fini, jusqu’à la mise hors service ou son retrait final. L’évaluation biologique tient compte à la fois de la sécurité biologique du dispositif fini lors de sa première utilisation, et de l’importance des changements susceptibles de se produire tout au long du cycle de vie du dispositif médical. Cependant, l’évaluation des risques associés aux impacts environnementaux de la mise hors service des dispositifs médicaux n’entre pas dans le domaine d’application du présent document. Le présent document n’impose pas de renouveler les essais sur les dispositifs médicaux déjà mis sur le marché et ayant des profils de sécurité établis et acceptables (voir 6.6.2). Le présent document peut s’avérer utile pour appuyer les évaluations cliniques ou les évaluations de l’aptitude à l’utilisation des dispositifs médicaux. Par exemple, une évaluation biologique est une condition préalable à la conduite d’un essai clinique. Cela signifie que les principes exposés dans le présent document peuvent être appliqués à l’évaluation des dispositifs en phase de prototype ou de développement ainsi qu’aux dispositifs médicaux finis. Les autres parties de la série ISO 10993 couvrent des aspects spécifiques de l’évaluation biologique tels que la caractérisation chimique, les essais biologiques, la préparation d’échantillons, le bien-être des animaux et l’évaluation des risques toxicologiques. Pour certains types de dispositifs médicaux, des exigences spécifiques d’autres normes (en dehors de la série ISO 10993) peuvent être prises en compte tout en justifiant l’approche adoptée s’il existe des différences entre les exigences de la série ISO 10993 et celles des autres normes. Par exemple, la série ISO 18562 fournit des exigences spécifiques pour l’évaluation biologique des dispositifs médicaux qui sont des chemins de gaz respiratoire et l’ISO 7405 fournit des exigences spécifiques pour l’évaluation biologique des dispositifs dentaires. L’évaluation des risques associés aux agents infectieux [par exemple bactéries, moisissures, levures, virus, agents EST (encéphalopathie spongiforme transmissible)] n’entre pas dans le domaine d’application du présent document. NOTE 1        L’évaluation des endotoxines bactériennes est traitée dans l’ISO 11737-3. NOTE 2        L’évaluation des risques liés aux virus, agents EST et autres pathogènes provenant de matériaux d’orig

Dieses Dokument legt die Anforderungen und allgemeinen Grundsätze fest, die für die biologische Beurteilung von Medizinprodukten im Rahmen eines Risikomanagement-Prozesses nach ISO 14971 gelten. Dieses Dokument ist anwendbar für die biologische Beurteilung von Medizinprodukten, die in direkten Kontakt oder indirekten Kontakt kommen mit:  dem Körper des Patienten im Rahmen der bestimmungsgemäßen Verwendung oder einer vernünftigerweise vorhersehbaren Fehlanwendung; oder  dem Körper anderer Anwender, bei denen es sich nicht um Patienten handelt, wenn das Medizinprodukt für den persönlichen Schutz vorgesehen ist (z. B. medizinische Handschuhe, chirurgische Masken). Durch eine biologische Beurteilung wird die biologische Sicherheit eines Medizinprodukts unter Betrachtung der biologischen Risiken beurteilt, die verbunden sind mit:  den Bestandteilen eines Medizinprodukts; und  den Wechselwirkungen zwischen Produkt und Geweben (einschließlich physikalischer Effekte). Die in diesem Dokument festgelegte biologische Beurteilung kann die biologische Sicherheit des Medizinprodukts unter Berücksichtigung des Lebenszyklus von der Konzeption und Entwicklung über die Erstanwendung des fertigen Medizinprodukts bis hin zur endgültigen Außerbetriebnahme bzw. Beendigung der Verwendung betreffen. Bei der biologischen Beurteilung werden sowohl die biologische Sicherheit des fertigen Produkts bei der ersten Verwendung als auch die Bedeutung etwaiger Veränderungen des Medizinprodukts, die im Laufe des Lebenszyklus auftreten können, berücksichtigt. Die Bewertung der Risiken im Zusammenhang mit den Umweltauswirkungen der Außerbetriebnahme von Medizinprodukten fällt jedoch nicht in den Anwendungsbereich dieses Dokuments. Dieses Dokuments schreibt keine erneute Prüfung von Medizinprodukten vor, die bereits auf dem Markt sind und ein etabliertes und annehmbares Sicherheitsprofil aufweisen (siehe 6.6.2). Dieses Dokument kann bei einer klinischen oder Gebrauchstauglichkeitsbeurteilung von Medizinprodukten von Nutzen sein. So ist beispielsweise die biologische Beurteilung eine Voraussetzung für die Durchführung einer klinischen Prüfung. Dies bedeutet, dass die in diesem Dokument dargestellten Grundsätze sowohl auf die Beurteilung von Prototypen oder Produkten im Entwicklungsstadium als auch auf fertige Medizinprodukte angewendet werden können. Andere Teile der Normenreihe ISO 10993 befassen sich mit speziellen Aspekten der biologischen Beurteilung, wie z. B. der chemischen Charakterisierung, biologische Prüfungen, Probenvorbereitung, dem Tierschutz und der toxikologischen Risikobeurteilung. Für einige Arten von Medizinprodukten können spezifische Anforderungen aus anderen Normen (außerhalb der Normenreihe ISO 10993) herangezogen werden, wobei die jeweilige Vorgehensweise zu begründen ist, wenn Unterschiede zwischen den Anforderungen der Normenreihe ISO 10993 und denen in anderen Normen bestehen. Beispielsweise enthält die Normenreihe ISO 18562 spezifische Anforderungen an die biologische Beurteilung von Medizinprodukten für Atemgaswege, und ISO 7405 enthält spezifische Anforderungen an die biologische Beurteilung von Dentalprodukten. Die Beurteilung von Risiken im Zusammenhang mit Infektionserregern [z. B. Bakterien, Schimmelpilze, Hefen, Viren, Erreger der transmissiblen spongiformen Enzephalopathie (TSE)] fällt nicht in den Anwendungsbereich dieses Dokuments. ANMERKUNG 1 Die Bewertung von bakteriellen Endotoxinen wird in ISO 11737 3 behandelt. ANMERKUNG 2 Die Beurteilung von Risiken im Zusammenhang mit Viren, TSE und anderen Krankheitserregern, die aus Materialien tierischen Ursprungs stammen, wird in der Normenreihe ISO 22442 behandelt.

ICS: 11.100-Laboratory medicine, 11.100.20-Biological evaluation of medical devices
CTN: CEN/TC 206 - 6187

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