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EN 14526:2026

Foodstuffs - Determination of saxitoxin-group toxins in shellfish - HPLC method using pre-column derivatization with peroxide or periodate oxidation

Edition date: 2026-04-08
In Force
Available languages: German, English, French
Summary: This document specifies a method [1] for the quantitative determination of saxitoxin (STX), decarbamoyl saxitoxin (dcSTX), neosaxitoxin (NEO), decarbamoyl neosaxitoxin (dcNEO), gonyautoxin 1 and 4 (GTX1,4; sum of isomers), gonyautoxin 2 and 3 (GTX2,3; sum of isomers), gonyautoxin 5 (GTX5), gonyautoxin 6 (GTX6), decarbamoyl gonyautoxin 2 and 3 (dcGTX2,3; sum of isomers), N-sulfocarbamoyl gonyautoxin 2 and 3 (C1,2; sum of isomers) and N-sulfocarbamoyl gonyautoxin 1 and 4 (C3,4; sum of isomers) in (raw) mussels, oysters, scallops and clams. Laboratory experience has shown that this document can also be applied to other marine invertebrates [2], [3] and processed products of those species, however, no complete interlaboratory validation study according to ISO 5725-2 [21] has been carried out so far. The method described was validated in an interlaboratory study [4], [5] and was also verified in a European Union Reference Laboratory for Marine Biotoxins (EURLMB)-performance test aiming the total toxicity of the samples [6]. Toxins which were not available in the first interlaboratory study [4], [5] as dcGTX2,3 and dcNEO were validated in two additional interlaboratory studies [7], [8]. The lowest validated levels [4], [5], [8], are given as mass fraction of toxin (free base) in µg/kg shellfish tissue and also as µmol/kg shellfish tissue and are listed in Table 1. [Table 1 - Lowest validated levels] A quantitative determination of GTX6 was not included in the first interlaboratory study but several laboratories detected this toxin directly after solid phase extraction with ion-exchange (SPE-COOH) clean-up and reported a mass fraction (free base) of 30 µg/kg or higher in certain samples. For that reason, the present method is applicable to quantify GTX6 directly, depending on the availability of the standard substance. Whenever GTX6 standard is not commercially available, it is possible to determine GTX6 after hydrolysis of Fraction 2 of the SPE-COOH clean-up, described in 7.4, as NEO. The indirect quantification of GTX6 was validated in two additional interlaboratory studies [7], [8]. A study to compare direct and indirect GTX6 quantification was conducted at the EURLMB [16]. A quantitative determination of C3,4 was included in the first interlaboratory study. The present method is applicable to quantify C3,4 directly, depending on the availability of the standard substance. If no standard substances are available, C3,4 can only be quantified as GTX1,4 if the same hydrolysis protocol used for GTX6 (7.4) is applied to Fraction 1 of the SPE-COOH clean-up [10]. A study to compare direct and indirect C3,4 quantification was conducted at the EURLMB [16].

Dieses Dokument legt ein Verfahren [1] für die quantitative Bestimmung von Saxitoxin (STX), Decarbamoyl-Saxitoxin (dcSTX), Neosaxitoxin (NEO), Decarbamoyl-Neosaxitoxin (dcNEO), Gonyautoxin 1 und 4 (GTX1,4; Summe der Isomere), Gonyautoxin 2 und 3 (GTX2,3; Summe der Isomere), Gonyautoxin 5 (GTX5), Gonyautoxin 6 (GTX6), Decarbamoyl-Gonyautoxin 2 und 3 (dcGTX2,3; Summe der Isomere), N-Sulfocarbamoyl-Gonyautoxin 2 und 3 (C1,2; Summe der Isomere) und N-Sulfocarbamoyl-Gonyautoxin 1 und 4 (C3,4; Summe der Isomere) in (rohen) Miesmuscheln, Austern, Jakobsmuscheln und Venusmuscheln fest. Laborerfahrungen haben gezeigt, dass dieses Dokument auch auf andere wirbellose Meerestiere [2] [3] und aus diesen Arten hergestellte Verarbeitungserzeugnisse angewendet werden kann; jedoch wurde bisher noch kein vollständiger Ringversuch zur Validierung nach ISO 5725 2 [21] durchgeführt. Das beschriebene Verfahren wurde in einem Ringversuch [4] [5] validiert und auch in einer Leistungsprüfung des EU-Referenzlabors für Marine Biotoxine (European Union Laboratory for Marine Biotoxins, EURLMB) verifiziert, die auf die Gesamttoxizität der Proben ausgerichtet war [6]. Toxine, die nicht im ersten Ringversuch [4] [5] verfügbar waren, wie z. B. dcGTX2,3 und dcNEO, wurden in zwei weiteren Ringversuchen [7] [8] validiert. Die niedrigsten validierten Werte [4] [5] [8] sind als Massenanteil von Toxin (freie Base) in µg/kg Schalentiergewebe und auch in µmol/kg Schalentiergewebe angegeben und in Tabelle 1 aufgeführt. [Tabelle 1 - Niedrigste validierte Werte] GTX6 wurde im ersten Ringversuch nicht quantitativ bestimmt, jedoch wiesen mehrere Labore dieses Toxin direkt nach der Reinigung mit Festphasenextraktion an einem Ionenaustauscher (SPE-COOH) nach. Diese Labore gaben einen Massenanteil (freie Basis) von 30 µg/kg oder höher in einigen Proben an. Aus diesem Grund ist das vorliegende Verfahren, abhängig von der Verfügbarkeit der Standardsubstanz, für die direkte Quantifizierung von GTX6 anwendbar. Wenn keine Standardsubstanz für GTX6 kommerziell verfügbar ist, besteht die Möglichkeit, GTX6 nach einer Hydrolyse der Fraktion 2 der SPE-COOH-Reinigung als NEO zu bestimmen, wie in 7.4 beschrieben. Die indirekte Quantifizierung von GTX6 wurde in zwei zusätzlichen Ringversuchen [7] [8] validiert. Eine Studie zum Vergleich zwischen direkter und indirekter Quantifizierung von GTX6 wurde am EURLMB durchgeführt [16]. C3,4 wurde im ersten Ringversuch quantitativ bestimmt. Das vorliegende Verfahren ist, abhängig von der Verfügbarkeit der Standardsubstanz, für die direkte Quantifizierung von C3,4 anwendbar. Wenn keine Standardsubstanz verfügbar ist, kann C3,4 nur als GTX1,4 quantifiziert werden, wenn die gleiche Hydrolysevorschrift wie für GTX6 (7.4) auf die Fraktion 1 der SPE-COOH-Reinigung angewendet wird [10]. Eine Studie zum Vergleich zwischen direkter und indirekter Quantifizierung von C3,4 wurde am EURLMB durchgeführt [16]. WARNUNG - Die Anwendung dieses Dokuments kann die Anwendung gefährlicher Stoffe, Arbeitsgänge und Geräte mit sich bringen. Dieses Dokument erhebt nicht den Anspruch, dass alle mit seiner Anwendung verbundenen Sicherheitsprobleme angesprochen werden. Es liegt in der Verantwortung des Anwenders dieses Dokuments, vor seiner Anwendung geeignete Maßnahmen für die Sicherheit und den Gesundheitsschutz des Personals zu ergreifen und dafür Sorge zu tragen, dass behördliche und gesetzliche Anforderungen eingehalten werden.

Le présent document spécifie une méthode [1] de détermination de la teneur en saxitoxine (STX), décarbamoyle saxitoxine (dcSTX), néosaxitoxine (NEO), décarbamoyle néosaxitoxine (dcNEO), gonyautoxines 1 et 4 (GTX1,4 ; somme des isomères), gonyautoxines 2 et 3 (GTX2,3 ; somme des isomères), gonyautoxine 5 (GTX5), gonyautoxine 6 (GTX6), décarbamoyle gonyautoxines 2 et 3 (dcGTX2,3 ; somme des isomères), N sulfocarbamoyle gonyautoxines 2 et 3 (C1,2 ; somme des isomères) et N sulfocarbamoyle gonyautoxines 1 et 4 (C3,4 ; somme des isomères) dans les moules, les huîtres, les coquilles Saint Jacques et les palourdes (crues). L’expérience en laboratoire a montré que le présent document peut également être appliqué à d’autres invertébrés marins [2], [3] et produits transformés de ces espèces. Toutefois, aucune étude de validation interlaboratoires complète conformément à l’ISO 5725 2 [21] n’a été réalisée jusqu’à présent. La méthode décrite a été validée dans le cadre d’une étude interlaboratoires [4], [5] et a également été vérifiée lors d’un essai de performance du Laboratoire de référence de l’Union européenne pour les biotoxines marines (EURLMB) portant sur la toxicité globale des échantillons [6]. Les toxines non disponibles à l’occasion de la première étude interlaboratoires [4], [5], par exemple dcGTX2,3 et dcNEO, ont été validées lors de deux nouvelles études interlaboratoires [7], [8]. Les plus bas taux validés [4], [5], [8], sont exprimés en fraction massique de toxine (en tant que base libre) en µg/kg de chair de coquillage, et en µmol/kg de chair de coquillage. Ils sont indiqués dans le Tableau 1. [Tableau 1 - Plus bas taux validés] La détermination de la teneur en GTX6 n’était pas incluse dans la première étude interlaboratoires, mais plusieurs laboratoires ont détecté directement cette toxine après l’extraction en phase solide avec purification par échange d’ions (SPE COOH). Ils ont indiqué une fraction massique (base libre) de 30 µg/kg ou plus dans certains échantillons. En conséquence, la présente méthode peut être employée pour doser directement GTX6, à condition de disposer de l’étalon. Lorsque l’étalon de GTX6 n’est pas disponible sur le marché, il est possible de déterminer la teneur en GTX6 après hydrolyse de la fraction 2 de la purification SPE COOH, décrite en 7.4 en tant que NEO. La quantification indirecte de GTX6 a été validée dans le cadre de deux études interlaboratoires supplémentaires [7], [8]. Une étude visant à comparer la quantification directe et indirecte de GTX6 a été réalisée à l’EURLMB [16]. La première étude interlaboratoires incluait une détermination de la teneur en C3,4. La présente méthode peut être employée pour quantifier directement C3,4, à condition de disposer de l’étalon. Si aucun étalon n’est disponible, les N sulfocarbamoyle gonyautoxines C3,4 peuvent être quantifiées en tant que GTX1,4 mais seulement si le même protocole d’hydrolyse que celui utilisé pour GTX6 (7.4) est appliqué à la fraction 1 de la purification SPE COOH [10]. Une étude visant à comparer la quantification directe et indirecte de C3,4 a été réalisée à l’EURLMB [16].

ICS: 67.120.30-Fish and fishery products
CTN: CEN/TC 275 - 6256

Reemplazo Normas

Reemplaza a EN 14526:2017

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