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CEN/TR 16176:2011

Characterization of waste - Screening methods for elemental composition by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for on-site verification

Edition date: 2011-11-09
In Force
Available languages: English, German
Summary: Im Rahmen der EU-Richtlinie 99/31/EG über Abfalldeponien und der EU-Richtlinie 2000/76/EG über die Verbrennung von Abfällen besteht ein wachsender Bedarf an schnellen, leicht zu handhabenden Screening-geräten. In diesem Zusammenhang sind geringe Kosten, schnelle Analysen, Kontrolle von LKW-Ladungen und Ja/Nein-Annahmeentscheide wichtige Kriterien. Die Röntgenfluoreszenztechnik erfüllt diese Anforderungen als Screeninginstrument bei der Vor-Ort-Prüfung auf Deponien und bei der Eingangskontrolle an Verbrennungsanlagen. Jüngste Entwicklungen der RFA-Technologie, insbesondere die Miniaturisierung des RFA-Systems (Röntgenröhre), die Optimierung der Kalibrierungsprogramme und die Verbesserung der Detektoren, haben diese Technik zum Verfahren der Wahl für die Vor-Ort-Analyse gemacht. Deshalb muss ein Dokument zum neusten Stand der Technik, über den aktuellen Fortschritt der für die Vor-Ort-Analyse zur Verfügung stehenden RFA-Technologie und -Geräte, die entscheidenden Argumente, die sich mit den Pros und Kontras und der zu erwartende Leistung dieser Systeme befassen, unterstützen. Die RFA-Norm EN 15309 ist für Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Cs, Ba, Ta, W, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th und U validiert und im informativen Anhang sind Verfahren für RFA-Handsysteme zusammen mit tragbaren/transportierbaren Systemen (untergebracht in mobilen Laboratorien) beschrieben. Obwohl mit der RFA ein breites Spektrum von Elementen analysiert werden kann, liegt der Schwerpunkt dieses Dokuments auf der Reihe von Elementen, die auch von EN 15309 erfasst werden. Aus dieser Reihe haben folgende Elemente einen Bezug zur Deponierichtlinie: As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Zn. Die im vorliegenden Dokument enthaltenen Angaben sind in allen Fällen nützlich, bei denen eine Vor-Ort-Bestimmung der elementaren Zusammensetzung von Abfall benötigt wird und Handgeräte dafür eingesetzt werden. Diese Fälle können neben Deponien und Verbrennungsanlagen auch Abfallbehandlungsanlagen, Standorte mit verunreinigtem Boden (Altlasten) und Kontrollen des Transports von Abfall einschließen.

In the framework of the EU Directive 99/31/EC on the landfill of waste and the EU Directive 2000/76/EC on the incineration of waste there is a growing need for fast, easy-to-handle screening tools. In this respect, low costs, fast analyses, control of truck loads and yes/no-acceptance decisions are relevant criteria. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique meets these requirements as a screening tool for on-site verification on the landfill and for entrance control on the incineration plants. Recent developments of the XRF technology have made this technique a method of choice for on-site analysis, namely miniaturisation of the XRF system (X-ray tube), the optimisation of the calibration programmes and the improvement of the detectors. Therefore, a state-of-the-art document on the current progress of the XRF technology and instruments available for on-site analysis shall support the key arguments, dealing with the pro’s and contra’s, and the performance of these systems to be expected. The XRF standard EN 15309, is validated for Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Cs, Ba, Ta, W, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th and U, and describes in the informative annex the procedures for hand-held XRF systems together with the portable/transportable systems (placed in mobile labs). Although XRF can analyse a broad range of elements, the main focus of this document is on the series of elements that is also being covered by EN 15309. Of that series the following elements are related to the landfill directive: As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Zn. The information in this document will be useful in all cases in which on-site determination of the elemental compositions of waste is needed and hand-held instrumentation is therefore used. These cases may include, beside landfills and incineration plant, also waste treatment plants, contaminations soil sites and controls of transports of waste.
ICS: 13.030.01-Wastes in general
CTN: CEN/TC 444 - 2046877

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