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CEN/TR 16148:2011

Head and neck impact, burn and noise injury criteria - A Guide for CEN helmet standards committees

Edition date: 2022-06-13
In Force
Available languages: English, French, German
Summary: Diese Skala erstreckt sich von 0 bis 6, wobei 0 für unverletzt und 6 für tödlich steht. Jede Stufe kann nach einer von der „Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine“ (AAAM) erstellten Aufschlüsselungs-anleitung für jede Körperregion angewendet werden. Die Tabellen 1 und 2 geben die Einstufung und den Verletzungsschweregrad an sowie einen Hinweis auf die Kopf- und Halsverletzungen, die bei jeder Stufe klassifiziert werden. Tabelle 3 enthält ähnliche Angaben zu Verbrennungen in Form von Verbrennungsgrad, Oberfläche und Körperregion.

Members of helmet Standards committees frequently need to define limits for test procedures. Such limits relate to test values that indicate the potential for injury and yet it is often difficult for members to know the type and severity of injury that is represented by a given test value. Over the years, criteria have been developed for different body regions and usually these have been derived from a combination of accident and casualty data, and tests on cadavers, cadaver body parts, animals and human volunteers. However, such criteria are often used by the automotive industry as pass/fail values without a clear understanding of human tolerance to injurious forces. This sometimes leads to the mistaken belief that any value below the stated limit implies uninjured and all values above imply a serious or fatal injury. This misconception gives very little freedom to choose values that are different from the often-inappropriate automotive value. This is particularly true for head injury criteria for which values for a helmeted head may be different to those for the unhelmeted head. Many accidents to wearers of helmets, which cover a wide range of activities from horse riding to downhill skiing, result in a closed head injury. This is when the brain is damaged without any skull or external tissue damage. Conversely, head injuries in automotive accidents are much more frequently open head injuries with skull fracture and soft tissue lesions. Other misconceptions arise because of the failure to understand that human response to a given dose or injurious parameter varies across a range of the population. The dose response curve tends to be "S" (sigmoid) shaped such that as the magnitude of the injurious parameter increases so does the percent of the population that sustains an injury of a given severity.

Il s’agit d’une échelle de valeurs de 0 à 6, où 0 correspond à l’absence de blessure et 6 au caractère mortel. Chaque niveau peut être appliqué à toute région du corps selon un manuel de codage élaboré par Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). Les Tableaux 1 et 2 indiquent l’échelle et la gravité des blessures ainsi qu’une indication des traumatismes de la tête et du cou qui seraient classés à chaque niveau. Le Tableau 3 fournit des informations similaires pour les brûlures en fonction du degré, de l’étendue de la surface et de la région du corps.
ICS: 13.340.20-Head protective equipment
CTN: CEN/TC 158 - 6139

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